Morphological and TLC identification on Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos / 中国中药杂志

Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos is the flowers of Aster souliei, A. flaccidus, and A. asteroides, with the function of clearing away heat and toxic matter, relieving cough, and removing phlegm. In order to control the quality of Asteris Flos, the morphological and chemical methods were established for identification of three origins. The morphological features of three species were described and photographed, and the microscopic characteristics of three drug powders were also described in detail and pictured. The results showed that three origins of Asteris Flos could be easily distinguished by their macro- and micro-morphologic features, and a key for distinguishing the three origins was given. Moreover, a TLC method, with apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucurono pyranoside and chlorogenic acid as chemical references, was also established for the identification of three origins. The results showed that the TLC chromatograms of the flowers of A. souliei and A. flaccidus were very similar, but different from that of A. asteroides. The established macroscopic, powder microscopic and TLC methods for identification of three origins of AF were simple, accurate, and reproducible, and also effective and easy to operate.

Chemical constituents from Aster sampsonii / 中国中药杂志

From the whole plants of Aster sampsonii, ten compounds were isolated, and were characterized as (4alphaR, 4'alphaR, 5S, 5'S, 9alphaR, 9'alphaR)-4, 4', 4alpha, 4'alpha, 5, 5', 6, 6', 7, 7', 8, 8'-dodecahydro-3, 3', 4alpha, 4'alpha, 5, 5'-hexamethyl-2H, 2'H-9alpha, 9' alpha-binaphtho[2, 3-b]furan-2, 2'-dione(1), furanoligularenone(2), (4alphaR, 5S, 8alphaR)-4alpha, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8alpha-hexahydro-8alpha-hydroxy-3, 4alpha, 5-trimethylnaphtho[2, 3-b]furan-2(4H)-one(3), (4alphaR, 5S, 8alphaS)4alpha, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8alpha-hexahydro-8alpha-hydroxy-3, 4alpha, 5-trimethylnaphtho[2, 3-b]furan-2(4H)-one(4), methyl-1'-hydroxy-2', 6'-dimethoxy-4'-oxocyclohexanacetate(5), 1'-hydroxy-2'-methoxy-4'-oxocyclohexanacetate methyl(6), loliolide (7), jacaranone (8), beta-sitosterol(9), friedeline (10). The structures of all compounds were elucidated on the basis spectroscopic data, including IR, EI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR data. The bioassays showed weak sterilization activities for compound 3. Compounds 1-8 were obtained from A. sampsonii for the first time.

Minor new constituents from Heteroplexis micocephala / 药学学报

By using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel and Pharmadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC, two minor new compounds, labda-12, 14-dien-6beta, 7alpha, 8beta, 17-tetraol (1), 2, 3-cis-6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylvinyl)-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol angelate (2), and a minor new natural product 6-methoxy-4-methyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (3) have been isolated from an ethanolic extract of Heteroplexis micocephala. Their structures were elucidated with spectroscopic data analysis including 2D NMR experiments.

Evaluación de la toxicidad del extracto acuoso de las hojas de yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) administrado por vía oral en ratas / Evaluation of the subchronic toxicity of oral admnistration of aqueous extract of yacon leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolium) in rats

El Smallanthus sonchifolius, oriundo de los Andes y llamado vulgarmente yacón, es conocido por su uso como normoglicemiante e hipolipemiante así como por su utilidad como antioxidante. En la presente investigación evaluamos la toxicidad subcrónica del extracto acuoso de sus hojas, luego de su administración oral en ratas albinas Holtzman. Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad del extracto acuoso de las hojas de yacón en ratas albinas sanas. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio experimental en 40 ratas Holtzman, distribuidas en dos grupos (hembras y machos), a las cuales se administró, por vía oral, durante 90 días, dosis de 100, 200 y 500 mg/Kg/día, del extracto acuoso de hojas de yacón. Se tomaron muestras de sangre del plexo orbital del ojo a los 0, 45 y 90 días para llevar a cabo análisis bioquímicos y hermatológicos. Se realizaron, además exámenes histopatológicos de cerebro, hígado y riñones. Resultados: No se encontraron variaciones significativas en ninguno de los exámenes en comparación con las ratas controles (p ø 0.05). Conclusión: El consumo del extracto de hojas de yacón, durante 90 días, no produjo signos de toxicidad en los órganos estudiados.

The Smallanthus sonchifolius, vulgarly known as yacon, an Ades's species is well known for its use as by it's normoglycemic, hipolipemic and antioxidant effects. There are only few studies on this plant. At present we have investigations about it's chemical composition, harverts process, and medical use. In this paper we evaluated the toxicity of the aqueous extract of the organic leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius on Holtzman albin rats subcronic oral administration of the extract during 90 days. Objective: To evaluate the subchronic toxicity of aqueous extract of the yacon leaves on healthy albina rats. Material and method: An experimental study has been performed on 40 Holtzman rats. Male a female rats were grouped separately. They received oral daily doses of 100, 200 y 500 mg/Kg/ yaconÆs leaves aqueous extract. Blood samples were taken from the rat orbital plexus of the rats at 0,45 and 90 days of treatment for biochemical and haematologic analysis. Histological examination of brain, liver and kigneys was also done. Results: Non significant differences were found in the examinations of the three groups in comparison with control (p ø 0.05). Conclusion: The Smallanthus sonchifolius aqueous extract consumption during 90 days did not produce toxicity signs in the organs studied.

Studies on expectorant compounds in volatile oil from root and rhizome of Aster tataricus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the expectorant components in volatile oil from the root and rhizome of Aster tataricus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>GC-MS was applied to isolate and identify the compounds. In addition, TLC was used to isolate compound, and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. At the same time, its expectorant effect was observed by method of the excretion quantity of phenol red in trachea of mice.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS, they were (R)(-)-p-menth-1-en-4-ol (1), 2-undecanone (2), n-decanoic acid (3), (-)-spathulenol (4), hexahydrofamrnesyl acetone (5), hexadecanoic acid (6), and cis-9, cis-12-octaecadienoic acid (7). A known compound 1-acetoxy-2-ene(E)-4,6- decandiyne was isolated from the root and rhizome of A. tataricus, and it was shown to have expectorant effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1-Acetoxy-2-ene(E) -4,6- decandiyne, a main compound in volatile oil, had been found to have expectorant effect.</p>

Phenolic compounds isolated from rhizoma of Aster tataricus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in root and rhizome of Aster tataricus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (I), kaemferol (II), emodin (III), chrysophanol (IV), physcion (V), benzoic acid (VI), p-hydroxy-bezoic acid (VII), E-caffeic acid (VIII), E-ferulic acid hexacosyl ester (IX).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX were isolated from A. tataricus for the first time.</p>

Determination of shionone in Radix Asteris by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the content of shionone in Radix Aster from several different locations and markets.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC analysis was used to determine shionone directly, using Polaris C18 column and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1, and the UV detection wavelength was 200 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>The content of shionone was from 0.06% to 0.18%, depending on different locations and markets.</p>

A zanhic acid based bisglycoside from Aster poliothamnus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Aster poliothamnus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Separating the chemical constituents by means of chromatography and identifying ther structures on basis of chemical and spectral tecnology.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>A new triterpene saponin was isolated and identified.</p>